Selenium WebDriver is the most important component of Selenium Tool’s Suite. Selenium WebDriver was first introduced as a part of Selenium v2.0. Selenium WebDriver was the first cross platform testing framework that could control the browser from OS level.

Selenium WebDriver provides a programming interface to create and execute test cases. Currently it is most popular with Java and C#.
WebDriver is faster because it makes direct calls to the browser. Each browser has its own driver on which the application runs.
There is a shortcoming of working with Selenium WebDriver which is Testing of Images are not possible.

The are 6 different types of WebDrivers which are commonly used:

Firefox Driver (Gecko Driver)
Chrome Driver
Internet Explorer Driver
Opera Driver
Safari Driver and
HTM Unit Driver

Programming Language supported: Java, Python, C#, PHP, Ruby, Perl, JavaScript & .Net
Browsers supported: Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari, Android, Opera, HTMLUnit

Operating system supported: Windows, Mac, Linux, Android, iOS

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